In a large skillet, heat the olive oil over medium heat. Add the ground beef and cook until browned, breaking it apart with a spatula, about 5-7 minutes.
Stir in the minced garlic and cook for an additional 1-2 minutes until fragrant.
Add the diced tomatoes, tomato paste, and beef broth to the skillet. Mix well to combine all ingredients.
Season the mixture with dried basil, oregano, thyme, salt, black pepper, and crushed red pepper flakes if using. Bring to a simmer and let it cook for 10 minutes, allowing the flavors to meld.
Stir in the cannellini beans and black olives, and continue to simmer for another 5 minutes.
Preheat your oven to 375°F (190°C).
Transfer the beef mixture to a casserole dish. Sprinkle the chopped parsley evenly over the top.
If desired, add the cheese on top of the casserole for a melty finish.
Cover the dish with foil and bake in the preheated oven for 25 minutes. Remove the foil and bake for an additional 10 minutes to allow the cheese to brown slightly.
Once baked, remove from the oven and let it sit for 5 minutes before serving. Garnish with additional parsley if desired.